B.9.1 Compare aerobic and anaerobic respiration of glucose in terms of oxidation/reduction and energy released
B.9.2 Outline the role of copper ions in electron transport and iron ions in oxygen transport
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Monday, 2 March 2015
Option B8: Nucleic acids
B.8.1 Describe the structure of nucleotides and their condensation polymers (nucleic acids or polynucleotides)
B.8.2 Distinguish between the structures of DNA and RNA
B.8.3 Explain the double helical structure of DNA
B.8.4 Describe the role of DNA as the repository of genetic information, and explain its role in protein synthesis
B.8.5 Outline the steps involved in DNA profiling and state its use
B.8.2 Distinguish between the structures of DNA and RNA
B.8.3 Explain the double helical structure of DNA
B.8.4 Describe the role of DNA as the repository of genetic information, and explain its role in protein synthesis
B.8.5 Outline the steps involved in DNA profiling and state its use
Option B7: Enzymes
B.7.1 Describe the characteristics of biological catalysts (enzymes)
B.7.2 Compare inorganic catalysts and biological catalysts (enzymes)
B.7.3 Describe the relationship between substrate concentration and enzyme activity
B.7.4 Determine Vmax and the value of Michaelis constant (Km) by graphical means and explain its significance
B.7.5 Describe the mechanism of enzyme action, including enzyme substrate complex, active site and induced fit model
B.7.6 Compare competitive inhibition and non-competitive inhibition
B.7.7 State and explain the effects of heavy-metal ions, temperature changes and pH changes on enzyme activity
B.7.2 Compare inorganic catalysts and biological catalysts (enzymes)
B.7.3 Describe the relationship between substrate concentration and enzyme activity
B.7.4 Determine Vmax and the value of Michaelis constant (Km) by graphical means and explain its significance
B.7.5 Describe the mechanism of enzyme action, including enzyme substrate complex, active site and induced fit model
B.7.6 Compare competitive inhibition and non-competitive inhibition
B.7.7 State and explain the effects of heavy-metal ions, temperature changes and pH changes on enzyme activity
Option B (HL): Human biochemistry
Option B of the IB HL Chemistry syllabus is the Human biochemistry. IBO recommends to spend 22 hours on the whole topic.
This topic has an additional 3 sub-chapters: "Enzymes", "Nucleic acids" and "Respiration". Each are separated with numerical values in order of mentioned.
These are all HL option syllabus statements, it is recommended to bring a Casio Graphical Calculator instead of Texas.
This topic has an additional 3 sub-chapters: "Enzymes", "Nucleic acids" and "Respiration". Each are separated with numerical values in order of mentioned.
These are all HL option syllabus statements, it is recommended to bring a Casio Graphical Calculator instead of Texas.
Option B6: Hormones
B.6.1 Outline the production and function of hormones in the body
B.6.2 Compare the structures of cholesterol and the sex hormones
B.6.3 Describe the mode of action of oral contraceptives
B.6.4 Outline the use and abuse of steroids
B.6.2 Compare the structures of cholesterol and the sex hormones
B.6.3 Describe the mode of action of oral contraceptives
B.6.4 Outline the use and abuse of steroids
Option B5: Micronutrients and macronutrients
B.5.1 Outline the difference between micronutrients and macronutrients
B.5.2 Compare the stuctures of retinol (vitamin A), calciferol (vitamin D) and ascorbic acid (vitamin C)
B.5.3 Deduce whether a vitamin is water- or fat- soluble from its structure
B.5.4 Discuss the causes and effects of nutrients deficiencies in different countries and suggest solutions
B.5.2 Compare the stuctures of retinol (vitamin A), calciferol (vitamin D) and ascorbic acid (vitamin C)
B.5.3 Deduce whether a vitamin is water- or fat- soluble from its structure
B.5.4 Discuss the causes and effects of nutrients deficiencies in different countries and suggest solutions
Option B4: Lipids
B.4.1 Compare the composition of the three types of lipids found in the human body
B.4.2 Outline the difference between HDL and LDL cholesterol and outline its importance
B.4.3 Describe the difference in structure between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids
B.4.4 Compare the structures of the two essential fatty acids linoleic (omega-6 fatty acid) and linolenic (omega-3 fatty acid) and state their importance
B.4.5 Define the term iodine number and calculate the number of C=C double bonds in an unsaturated fat/oil using addition reactions
B.4.6 Describe the condensation of glycerol and three fatty acid molecules to make a triglyceride
B.4.7 Describe the enzyme-catalysed hydrolysis of triglycerides during digestion
B.4.8 Explain the higher energy value of fats as compared to carbohydrates
B.4.9 Describe the important roles of lipids in the body and the negative effects that they can have on health
B.4.2 Outline the difference between HDL and LDL cholesterol and outline its importance
B.4.3 Describe the difference in structure between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids
B.4.4 Compare the structures of the two essential fatty acids linoleic (omega-6 fatty acid) and linolenic (omega-3 fatty acid) and state their importance
B.4.5 Define the term iodine number and calculate the number of C=C double bonds in an unsaturated fat/oil using addition reactions
B.4.6 Describe the condensation of glycerol and three fatty acid molecules to make a triglyceride
B.4.7 Describe the enzyme-catalysed hydrolysis of triglycerides during digestion
B.4.8 Explain the higher energy value of fats as compared to carbohydrates
B.4.9 Describe the important roles of lipids in the body and the negative effects that they can have on health
Sunday, 1 March 2015
Option B3: Carbohydrates
B.3.1 Describe the structural features of monosaccharides
B.3.2 Draw the straight-chain and ring structural formulas of glucose and fructose
B.3.3 Describe the condensation of monosaccharides to form disaccharides and polysaccharides
B.3.4 List the major functions of carbohydrates in the human body
B.3.5 Compare the structural properties of starch and cellulose, and explain why humans can digest starch but not cellulose
B.3.6 State what is meant by the term dietary fibre
B.3.7 Describe the importance of a diet high in a dietary fibre
B.3.2 Draw the straight-chain and ring structural formulas of glucose and fructose
B.3.3 Describe the condensation of monosaccharides to form disaccharides and polysaccharides
B.3.4 List the major functions of carbohydrates in the human body
B.3.5 Compare the structural properties of starch and cellulose, and explain why humans can digest starch but not cellulose
B.3.6 State what is meant by the term dietary fibre
B.3.7 Describe the importance of a diet high in a dietary fibre
Option B2: Proteins
B.2.1 Draw the general formula of 2-amino acids
B.2.2 Describe the characteristic properties of 2-amino acids
B.2.3 Describe the condensation reaction of 2-amino acids to form polypepetides
B.2.4 Describe and explain the primary, secondary (a-helix and b-pleated sheets), tertiary and quaternary structure of proteins
B.2.5 Explain how proteins can be analysed by chromatography and electrophoresis
B.2.6 List the major functions of proteins in the body.
B.2.2 Describe the characteristic properties of 2-amino acids
B.2.3 Describe the condensation reaction of 2-amino acids to form polypepetides
B.2.4 Describe and explain the primary, secondary (a-helix and b-pleated sheets), tertiary and quaternary structure of proteins
B.2.5 Explain how proteins can be analysed by chromatography and electrophoresis
B.2.6 List the major functions of proteins in the body.
Option B: Human biochemistry
Option B of the IB SL Chemistry syllabus is the Human biochemistry. IBO recommends to spend 15 hours on the topic.
This topic has an additional 6 sub-chapters: "Energy", "Proteins", "Carbohydrates", "Lipids", "Macronutrients and micronutrients" and "Hormones". Each are separated with numerical values in order of mentioned.
These are all SL option syllabus statements, it is recommended to bring a Casio Graphical Calculator instead of Texas.
This topic has an additional 6 sub-chapters: "Energy", "Proteins", "Carbohydrates", "Lipids", "Macronutrients and micronutrients" and "Hormones". Each are separated with numerical values in order of mentioned.
These are all SL option syllabus statements, it is recommended to bring a Casio Graphical Calculator instead of Texas.
Monday, 26 January 2015
Topic 19.2: Electrolysis
19.2.1 Predict and explain the products of electrolysis of aqueous solutions
19.2.2 Determine the relative amounts of the products formed during electrolysis
19.2.3 Describe the use of electrolysis in electroplating
19.2.2 Determine the relative amounts of the products formed during electrolysis
19.2.3 Describe the use of electrolysis in electroplating
Topic 19.1: Standard electrode potentials
19.1.1 Describe the standard hydrogen electrode
19.1.2 Define the term standard electrode potential E
19.1.3 Calculate cell potentials using standard electrode potentials
19.1.4 Predict whether a reaction will be spontaneous using standard electrode potential values
19.1.2 Define the term standard electrode potential E
19.1.3 Calculate cell potentials using standard electrode potentials
19.1.4 Predict whether a reaction will be spontaneous using standard electrode potential values
Topic 19: Oxidation and reduction
Topic 19 of the IB HL Chemistry syllabus is the Oxidation and reduction. IBO recommends to spend 5 hours on this topic.
This topic has 2 sub-chapters: "Standard electrode potential", and "Electrolysis". Each are separated with numerical values in order of mentioned.
These are advanced HL syllabus statements, it is recommended to bring a Casio Graphical Calculator instead of Texas. Casio Calculators have the periodic table installed already.
This topic has 2 sub-chapters: "Standard electrode potential", and "Electrolysis". Each are separated with numerical values in order of mentioned.
These are advanced HL syllabus statements, it is recommended to bring a Casio Graphical Calculator instead of Texas. Casio Calculators have the periodic table installed already.
Topic 9.5: Electrolytic cells
9.5.1 Describe, using a diagram, the essential components of an electrolytic cell.
9.5.2 State that oxidation occurs at the negative electrode (cathode)
9.5.3 Describe how current is conducted in an electrolytic cell
9.5.4 Describe the products of the electrolysis of a molten salt
9.5.2 State that oxidation occurs at the negative electrode (cathode)
9.5.3 Describe how current is conducted in an electrolytic cell
9.5.4 Describe the products of the electrolysis of a molten salt
Topic 9.4: Voltaic cells
9.4.1 Explain how a redox reaction is used to produce electricity in a voltaic cell.
9.4.2 State that oxidation occurs at the negative electrode (anode) and reduction occurs at the positive electrode (cathode)
9.4.2 State that oxidation occurs at the negative electrode (anode) and reduction occurs at the positive electrode (cathode)
Topic 9.3: Reactivity
9.3.1 Deduce a reactivity series based on the chemical behaviour of a group of oxidizing and reducing agents
9.3.2 Deduce the feasibility of a redox reaction from a given reactivities series.
9.3.2 Deduce the feasibility of a redox reaction from a given reactivities series.
Topic 9.2: Redox equations
9.2.1 Deduce simple oxidation and reduction half-equations given the species involved in a redox reaction.
9.2.2 Deduce redox equations using half equations
9.2.3 Define the terms oxidizing agents, reducing agents
9.2.4 Identify the oxidizing and reducing agents in redox equations
9.2.2 Deduce redox equations using half equations
9.2.3 Define the terms oxidizing agents, reducing agents
9.2.4 Identify the oxidizing and reducing agents in redox equations
Topic 9.1: Introduction to oxidation and reduction
9.1.1 Define oxidation and reduction in terms of electron loss and gain
9.1.2 Deduce the oxidation number of an element in a compound
9.1.3 State the names of compounds using oxidation numbers
9.1.4 Deduce whether an element undergoes oxidation or reduction in reactions using oxidation numbers.
9.1.2 Deduce the oxidation number of an element in a compound
9.1.3 State the names of compounds using oxidation numbers
9.1.4 Deduce whether an element undergoes oxidation or reduction in reactions using oxidation numbers.
Topic 9: Oxidation and Reduction
Topic 9 of the IB HL Chemistry syllabus is the Oxidation and reduction. IBO recommends to spend 7 hours on this topic.
This topic has 5 sub-chapters: "Introduction to oxidation and reduction", "Redox equations", "Reactivity", "Voltaic cells", and "Electrolytic cells". Each are separated with numerical values in order of mentioned.
These are advanced HL syllabus statements, it is recommended to bring a Casio Graphical Calculator instead of Texas. Casio Calculators have the periodic table installed already.
This topic has 5 sub-chapters: "Introduction to oxidation and reduction", "Redox equations", "Reactivity", "Voltaic cells", and "Electrolytic cells". Each are separated with numerical values in order of mentioned.
These are advanced HL syllabus statements, it is recommended to bring a Casio Graphical Calculator instead of Texas. Casio Calculators have the periodic table installed already.